The dietary supplement industry in the US is booming: how to know if you need them
In the last three decades, the dietary supplement industry in the United States has experienced a notable boom, according to data provided by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In 1994, the market had around 4,000 products; Today, the number has skyrocketed to more than 95,000. These products, which range from capsules and powders to gummies and infusions, often boast eye-catching, if sometimes ambiguous, labels promising improvements in the immune system or brain function.
However, despite the growing popularity of these supplements, Professor JoAnn Manson of Harvard Medical School highlights the lack of rigorous testing in terms of both safety and effectiveness for most of these products. Manson emphasizes that in numerous studies, researchers have failed to obtain the expected health benefits and have even identified risks associated with the consumption of some supplements.
Despite these warnings, there are cases in which supplement consumption can be beneficial, such as in correcting specific nutritional deficiencies. According to internist Pieter Cohen of Cambridge Health Alliance in Massachusetts, if a blood test reveals vitamin or mineral deficiencies, supplements may be essential to correct those deficiencies.
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This approach is especially relevant for people on vegan diets, pernicious anemia, or those who have undergone bariatric procedures.
Key vitamins
The American Academy of Pediatrics also highlights the importance of supplements, recommending vitamin D and iron for breastfed babies. Additionally, during pregnancy, it is crucial to ensure adequate folic acid intake, with the goal of preventing significant birth defects.
For older adults or middle-aged people, decreased appetite and nutrient absorption capacity may lead to medical recommendations for supplements. Manson emphasizes the possibility of deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, and the need for calcium and vitamin D for those at risk of bone density loss.
Recent research suggests additional benefits of certain supplements. A study led by Manson and his colleagues indicates that the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids in older adults reduced cardiovascular events. Additionally, vitamin D showed an association with a lower likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases.
Despite these findings, Manson cautions that not all supplements are safe. Examples from the past, such as the increased risk of lung cancer associated with beta-carotene, underscore the importance of caution. The lack of information about risks, benefits and appropriate doses also worries experts such as Mahtab Jafari, professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California.
Adulteration of supplements, particularly those intended for athletes and weight loss programs, with hidden chemicals or medications, is another notable concern. To address these risks, it is advisable to look for the certification seal from trusted organizations such as the United States Pharmacopeia or the NSF when purchasing supplements.
Additionally, due to potential interactions between supplements and medications, it is always recommended to consult with a doctor before beginning any supplement regimen. Vitamin K, for example, can affect blood-thinning medications, while St. John’s wort can interfere with antidepressants and contraceptives.
Ultimately, despite the potential benefits, experts caution that supplements should not replace a balanced diet and regular physical activity. “ There is no magic pill that guarantees good health,” concludes Manson. In a market saturated with options, informed decision-making and consultation with health professionals are essential to ensure supplements are a safe and beneficial addition to your health.
